Controllers & Indicators

ON/OFF control is the simplest form of temperature regulation, switching output fully on or off depending on the setpoint. It is cost-effective and suitable for non-critical applications but may cause temperature oscillations due to its binary operation. In contrast, PID control (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) provides continuous and precise regulation by adjusting output smoothly based on error, accumulated offset, and rate of change. This results in stable temperature control with minimal overshoot, ideal for processes requiring high accuracy and consistency. While ON/OFF controllers are straightforward and reliable for basic heating or cooling, PID controllers deliver advanced performance, making them the preferred choice for demanding industrial and laboratory environments.

Temperature controllers come in various types to suit industrial and laboratory needs. The most common are ON/OFF controllers, ideal for simple applications; PID controllers, offering precise proportional, integral, and derivative control; and programmable controllers, designed for complex multi-step processes. Case sizes typically follow DIN standards, ranging from compact 1/16 DIN (48 × 48 mm) units for space-limited panels to larger 1/8 DIN (48 × 96 mm)  and 1/4 DIN (96 × 96 mm) models for enhanced visibility and operation. Control options include relay, SSR drive, and analog outputs, allowing integration with diverse heating or cooling systems. Selecting the right controller depends on application complexity, required accuracy, and available panel space.

A PID controller automatically keeps a system operating at a desired level by continuously adjusting its output. It compares the current value of a process, such as temperature, speed, or position, to a target setpoint. Using three actions - proportional, integral, and derivative - it calculates how far the system is from the target, how long the error has existed, and how quickly it is changing. By combining these responses, a PID controller minimises error, reduces oscillations, and improves stability. This allows machines and processes to run smoothly, accurately, and efficiently, even when conditions change or disturbances occur.

PID is a control algorithm widely used in industrial and engineering systems to regulate processes automatically. PID stands for Proportional, Integral, and Derivative, which describe the three mathematical terms used to calculate the controller’s output. By continuously measuring a process variable - such as temperature, pressure, speed, or position - and comparing it to a desired setpoint, the PID controller determines how much correction is needed. Each term addresses error in a different way, allowing the controller to respond quickly, eliminate long-term drift, and anticipate future changes. This makes PID controllers reliable, precise, and adaptable across many applications.

Emko Elektronik is a Turkish industrial automation company founded in 1986. It designs, manufactures, and markets measurement and control instruments, sensors, generator set controllers, and related products for industrial process automation. Its portfolio includes programmable process controllers, temperature sensors, counters, time-relays, and control systems used across sectors like textile, food, automotive, energy, and machinery production. Emko emphasizes quality and customer service, holding TS ISO EN 9001 certification and ensuring products meet CE standards. With global reach through dealers and support services, the company focuses on reliable, innovative solutions that help industries monitor, control, and optimise processes efficiently.